Abdulmejid I (1823 – 1861). 31st Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and succeeded his father Mahmud II on 2 July 1839.
He was born at the Beşiktaş Palace or at the Topkapı Palace, in Istanbul. His mother was his father's first wife in 1839, Valide Sultan Bezmiâlem.
Abdulmejid received a European education and spoke fluent French, being the first sultan to do so. Like Abdülaziz who succeeded him, he was interested in literature and classical music.
His biggest achievement was the announcement and application of the Tanzimat (reorganization) reforms which were prepared by his father and effectively started the modernization of the Ottoman Empire in 1839. For this achievement, one of the Imperial anthems of the Ottoman Empire, the March of Abdulmejid, was named after him.
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